2.
   2024
/   
 ()
 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.            ?
2.      72          
 -
3.               
4.      '  
 -
5.              
2.
6.       ,         
 
-
7.                  
8.            '    
   2024
/   
 ()
 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.            ?
:󷇮󷇭    ?
    , , ,    
  
     ,      ,  
            
  ,            
     
2.
󷗺󷗻󷗼󷗽󷗾1.                 
             
 
,            
   , ,       
     
 :
                
    
 '         
  
           '   
 
       
     
2.
󷙣󷙤󷙥  2.         
 -           
  , ,           

 ,  ,    , ,     
  
 
   :
      
      
     
           
 
       
2.
󷇲󷇱3.               
     -       
  ,         
'   
 :
         
         
        
              ,
       
󷘜󷘝󷘞󷘟󷘠󷘡󷘢󷘣󷘤󷘥󷘦4.            
            
              ,
          
    
,          
  
,         ,     
    
2.
󷖤󷖥󷖦5.             
,               ,
        ,  
  
     
, ,       :
 
 


      
      
    
󹄊󺰣󺰛󺰤󹄍󹄎󹄏󺰥󹄑󺰜󺰦󺰧󺰝󺰞󹄖󺰟󺰨󺰠󺰡󺰩󺰪󺰫󺰢󺰬󺰭󺰮󺰳󺰴󺰵󺰶󺰷󺰸󺰹󺰺󺰻󺰼󺰽󺰯󹄢󺰰󺰾󹄥󺰱󺰿󺱀󺱁󺱂󺰲󺱃󺱄6.             
               
   ,         
 
,   -      
 :
          
     
 
       '    
 ,       '      
󷚆󷚇󷚈7.             
,    -        
             , 
     ,        
              
       
2.
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃 :   
      ,     
 :
      
        
         
 ,          
󷄧󼿒
  ,            
 ,  ,  , ,  , 
  
,            
 
,       
 -         
    ,       ,     
          
   
    
    
2.      72          
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌  ?
 ()            
   ()   ()     ()  
 
        ,   
    
      
󷊨󷊩  
  ,             
   12  () '      
      :
o 7  :, , , , , , 
2.
o  (, , , )  , 12 -    

     ,  72   ()   

   -     
   
    
󷙣󷙤󷙥  72   
 1:     
72  36-36       :
o   ( ):  (1)   
o   ( ):  (2)   
 2:  (  )
36     6     ,   6   
 ,  12   (6 Ma1  , 6 Ma2  )
    (, , , , , , , , , , ,
) 
 3:   
     ( )
    (1)   (2) 
, , ,        
     
          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
 29: 
o : Sa Ri2 Ga3 Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni3 Sa
o    ( )  
o       ,     
 65:  
o : Sa Ri2 Ga3 Ma2 Pa Dha2 Ni3 Sa
o         
o      
󽆪󽆫󽆬72   
1.  :  
        
 
2.
2.   
:          
 
3.   :           
4.  :      ,    
  '     
󷊨󷊩  
  :
o ,   
o         
  :
o  72     
;  20-30    '  

o    -  ,       
 
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌
   72       
   
  ,             
  
 -
3.               
:    
2.
             
              
 ,       
        ,       
            -  
 ,            
   
                
   (19
)     ,      
   ,     " "   
 "     " 
   ?
     -   , -,   -   
         ,          ,
        
           ,    
 ,              
         
   
 
1.    
              
      ,        
2.
2.   (  ) 
        () '  ,   
 '             
3.  ( )  
  ,              
       -    
4. -   - 
     '      (-)    
 (  )   (-)   
 ,   
        
5.     
         --     
       
 
6.      
             (  )
        
 
     
          :
1.  -    -
2.    -  
3. -  - -    
4.  -   
5.     
               
       
2.
          :
      -     
   -  
         
     -    
   -     
  
,     ,       

2.
     
             
 :
   (- )
    
    
     

  ,           
    
 
           
:
   
  
  
    
            

              
       ,    , 
        ,      '
       
 
4.      '  
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌   :      
       ,     
 
   ,       
2.
  '    -           
  
  ,    :   
 ,    

 
󷊨󷊩  
1.     :
o   ,  ()     ,     
    
o    ,    ,  
   
   
2.    :
o         
    
     
o  ,          , 
   
3.   :
o         -    
,        
o         
   
       
󷙣󷙤󷙥       
         
         
 ,            
,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
      : ,   
         
   
( )   
  ,     
  -  
        
󽆪󽆫󽆬   
1.  :    ;     
2.   :     , , ,  
3.  :     ;      
2.
4.  :       
,  

󷊨󷊩      
  :      ()    , 

        
  :           
    ,   
   
 :  ( )       ,   
  
 
󷙣󷙤󷙥   
          -  ()  ()  
       
  -     ,     ' 
   ,           
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
      
      
  ,          , 
 
 ,        
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌
          - , ,     
   ,             
  ,          ,       

2.
 -
5.              
:󷙣󷙤󷙥     -     
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌      - 
2.
         -   ,  -   , 
               
   
              
     '   (   )       ,
      ( )      ,  
   -     
󷚆󷚇󷚈     
    ,       :
 :
 : (  6 ,   7)
 (   ):
  ( ):
   : 
:,  ,   
󽆤 ( )
      '
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  Ga    
󽆤 ( )
'       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   , ,   , -    
󽆤 (  )
  ,  ,    
        
󷗺󷗻󷗼󷗽󷗾       
          :
2.
 , ,     ,    
   '     ,    
 
      ()
--  --     
  -    ,  -      
󷗰󷗮󷗯     
       -      
   -       '  ()     
     ,      

 
      :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"   " (: 
 - 16 )
󷚆󷚇󷚈 (-) -    
:   
  :

 :
  (  )
:
    |     |   — |    -
    |     |    — |    
     :
- - -  | - - - 
 (  )
   ' |     |    — |    -
2.
    |     |    — |    
     :
- - - |  - -  -
󷙢  
   () 
  -          ,
    
           ' 
  
  ',    
 :
  -- 
  ()
   
 
 ,     
 :
-

      
 
󷊨󷊩   
     :
     
     
       
    
     ,          
󷄧󼿒
2.
 ,      -   ,   ,    
                
  ,           ,      
          ,    ,  ,       
    
     "   "      

        
       
 
    ,         
  
 
6.       ,         
 
:    ?
  14-  ()  ,        '
  ,     
  (  )    ,      
        
       ,       
    ,    
󷊨󷊩  
  ( ):14
  ( ):6  ()
 ( ):
𝐷ℎ𝑎 𝐷ℎ𝑎 𝐷𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑎 𝑇𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑎 𝑇𝑎 𝐷ℎ𝑎 𝐷ℎ𝑎 𝐷𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑎
 :
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
2.
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
 ( )    -           
   
 ( ) 8
 () ' ,  '        
󷙣󷙤󷙥  -     
1. (   )
   ,   :

  |   |   |   |   |  
       ,   14-        
2.  ( )
,        ,     :

 -   -  |  -   -  |  -   -  |  -   -  |  -   -  |  - 
 - 
, 14   ,   28  ,       
3.  ( )
,        ,     :

 -  -  -   -  -  -  |  -  -  -  -  -  -  |  -  -  -   -  - 
-  |  -  -  -   -  -  -  |  -  -  -  
          ,     
 ,         -  -  (),  (
),   ( )          ,  
           ,  
   
2.
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌   
   ,            
  ,      
:  14-  () 
:   '   ( )    ,   
   
 ,          
 
:    ,      
 ,  
     ( ) '       
 
󷊨󷊩  ( )
     '     ()      ,
 :

 -  |  -  |  |  -  |  -  |  - 
 14    ,  6  ()    
 ( ):
 (  ):8
 () ',        
󷙣󷙤󷙥  -    
         
      , 
     
1. ( )
   ,      :
  |   |   |   |   |  
       ,   14-       

2.  ( )
,        ,     :
2.
 -   -  |  -   -  |  -   -  |  -   -  |  -   -  |  - 
 - 
, 14   ,   28  ,       
3.  ( )
,        ,     :
 -  -  -   -  -  -  |  -  -  -  -  -  -  |  -  -  -   -  - 
-  |  -  -  -   -  -  -  |  -  -  -   -  -  -  |  -  -  -  -  -
 - 
  14-   56  
 ,        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
 ?
1.     :        
       
2.     : '          
  
3.  : -      ,    
  
4.  :        ,   
    
 
󽆪󽆫󽆬   
             :
 -   , ,       
 14-    
 ,     
-    ,         
  ,        
󷊨󷊩
      14-  ,       
             
      ,         
,      ,  ,       
  
2.
-
7.                  
:󷚆󷚇󷚈    
     8  1929     ()   ,  
            
        ,  ,    
                - 
            ' 
   
  
              ,   
          ,   ( 
)  - ,          ,  
  
  ,            , 
     -       -    
    
󷗰󷗮󷗯  
  ,             
   ,            
  ,          
1949 ,     (),  '    
       -,        
      ,       
  
              
     
󷙣󷙤󷙥    -      
2.
         -     
      -        ,
   () '   
       :
 




     ,         
          ' 
        :
   
  
 
      
 ,           
󷫧󷫨󷫩󷫪󷫫󷫬󷫮󷫭       
               
 :
   ,  
   
             
         ,      
       
󷇮󷇭   ' 
              ' 
:
2.




 
     
 -     
      
,      
󷠿󷡀󷡁󷡂󷡃󷡄󷡅󷡆󷡇󷡈    
        :
  (1972)
  (1989)
  (2016)
      
     
             
󹱳󹱴󹱵󹱶   
                 
     - , , ,     
   
  ,             
,         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
    24  2017   ,     
         :
  '       
  -  
     
    
 -   
2.
,         '   ,     
󽆪󽆫󽆬
     ,          
 ,     ,      , 
        -      
     
,    
,        -
                 
       
8.            '    
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌          
 ,           ,  
    ,        
       ,      
()       
     ,      ,    
       
󷊨󷊩       
1.     
       ,      '  
     ,  ,       ,
           
  ,        ,   
 ,        
2.      
      ,          
 
 
,  ,         
2.
   (    )       
      
3.     
        -        
     
 
         ,     
  
       ,        


4.       
            ,  
           
       
 ,    
     
 
5.    ()   
      '   ,     

     
     ,  
   
󷙣󷙤󷙥        
   :          
   ( ):       
    :      ,    
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   '  
1.     :         
  ,       
2.       :   ,    
    -      
3.     :       ,
          
4.    :           
 ,        
2.
󽆪󽆫󽆬  
         
 -   
   ,     ,  
   
        
       '  ,       
 ,      
󷊨󷊩
                
     ,          , 
       
"                 
 
          ,         
 "